Alessandria
Alessandria is a historic city in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy, nestled between the Tanaro and Bormida rivers. Founded in 1168 as a stronghold against Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, it was named after Pope Alexander III. Today, Alessandria is known for its elegant architecture, vibrant squares, and rich military history—including Napoleon’s victory at nearby Marengo.
The city is a key transport and industrial hub, famous for its Borsalino hat-making tradition, and offers cultural gems like the Cittadella fortress, Santa Maria di Castello, and the Cathedral of San Pietro. Its strategic location between Milan, Turin, and Genoa makes it a lively crossroads of commerce and culture.
Alessandria’s history is a tapestry woven from medieval defiance, Napoleonic drama, and industrial evolution.
Medieval Origins
Founded in 1168 by the Lombard League, Alessandria was created as a fortified stronghold against the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. Originally named Civitas Nova and later Cesaria, it was renamed in honor of Pope Alexander III, who supported the League’s resistance.
Shifting Powers
The city became a bishopric in 1175, then passed through various hands: ceded to the emperor, taken over by the Visconti family of Milan in the 14th century, and finally absorbed into the House of Savoy in 1713.
Napoleonic Era
Alessandria played a key role during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte won the Battle of Marengo just outside the city, leading to its designation as the capital of the French département of Marengo until 1814.
Risorgimento & Modernization
In the 19th century, Alessandria became a hotbed for Italian unification movements, including Giuseppe Mazzini’s conspiracy in 1833. It was later garrisoned by Austrians after their victory at Novara in 1849.
Industrial Identity
The city evolved into a major rail and road junction, and became famous for its Borsalino hat-making industry, alongside its role as a center for agriculture, wine trade, and diversified manufacturing.